1. Date of Birth
05 April 1971

2. Education
- 1997 Daegu University (BS)
- 2019 Hanyang University (MS)

3. Careers
- 2005 Electronic Warfare and Signal Intelligence R&D, LIG Nex1
- 2016 Team Leader of Electronic Warfare and Signal Intelligence R&D, LIG Nex1
- 2021 VP of Electronic Warfare and Signal Intelligence R&D , LIG Nex1
- 2024 SVP(R&D) of C5ISR Business Division, LIG Nex1

Identification of enemy location, type of assets, strategy, tactics and movement at the beginning of war is critical factor to achieve war superiority.
In order to achieve this, securing superior surveillance and reconnaissance assets compared to the enemy is the most important.
In this session, I would like to present development trend of surveillance and reconnaissance weapon systems, then radar, EW, satellite business projects, which are our representative specialties, and antenna development application cases per each projects.
Additionally, I will present the usage of future technologies in future warfare through the introduction of special future antenna technology which is being prepared by LIGNex1.

Kunio Sakakibara received a BS degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan, in 1991, and MS and DE degrees in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan in 1993 and 1996, respectively. From 1996 to 2002, he was with Toyota Central R&D Labs. Inc., Aichi, where he was involved in the development of antennas for automotive millimeter-wave radar systems. From 2000 to 2001, he was a Guest Researcher with the Department of Microwave Techniques, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. In 2002, he joined Nagoya Institute of Technology as a Lecturer. From 2004, he has been an Associate Professor, and he became a Professor at Nagoya Institute of Technology in 2012.
He was an Associate Editor of the IEICE Transactions on Communications from 2010 to 2015 and is currently Associate Editors of the Korean Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science (JEES) from 2012, the IET Electronics Letters (EL) from 2020 and the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation (TAP) from 2023. He was a secretary of the International Steering Committee of the International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP) from 2020 to 2021. He was a member of the New Technology Directions Committee (NTDC) in the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) from 2022 to 2023. He was awarded for one of the Top Ten Reviewers from the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation in 2010. He received Best Paper Awards of the ISAPs in 2004, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
His research interest has been millimeter-wave and Terahertz-wave antennas. Dr. Sakakibara has been senior members of the IEEE since 2006 and the IEICE since 2011.

Long range communication is difficult in terahertz band because the received power decreases in inverse proportion to the square of the operation frequency [1]. However, the gain of the antenna with the same physical aperture increases when the frequency becomes high. Therefore, the development of high-gain antennas is the first challenge in sub-terahertz band. Furthermore, as high-gain antennas narrow the beams, beam-scanning antennas are necessary to cover the required angular area for communication. Low loss feeding is important for high efficiency of aperture antennas. Thus, high-gain, beam-scanning and low-loss feeding are key technologies in the development of sub-terahertz antennas.
Lens antennas are advantageous in terahertz band since it is originally optical technology. The beam-scanning function can be realized by shifting the primary radiator from the focus of the lens. Continuous or discrete beam-scanning operation is obtained by mechanical shifting the lens or switching the primary radiators, respectively. The total height of the lens antenna is the sum of the focal length and the thickness of the lens. Low profile is essentially impossible for dielectric lens antennas. When the focal length is set to be short, the lens thickness becomes large for large refraction. To reduce the thickness, high permittivity material is effective. However, high permittivity always accompanies high loss tangent, and the material exhibits high dielectric loss. Furthermore, the uniformity of the permittivity distribution is important in the production of the lens.
Planar arrays on printed substrate are popular to achieve low-profile and high-gain antennas. However, the transmission loss of planar lines in the substrate is significant in sub-terahertz band. Dielectric loss increases for frequency. Conductor loss increases as well due to the surface roughness of the copper foil to stick with the dielectric sheet. New dielectric materials to stick with copper foil strongly without surface roughness are expected for high-gain planar antennas.
Furthermore, antenna dimensions become small in proportion to the wavelength. Fine pitch patterns are necessary in sub-terahertz band. Modified semi-additive process (MSAP) is becoming popular [2].
Phased arrays can be composed of antenna elements with RF circuits [3]. To reduce the feeding loss, on-chip antenna and Antenna-in-Package (AiP) techniques have been developed for integration of an antenna with an RF circuit [4]. On-chip antenna is the technique to integrate the antenna on the IC chip together with the RF circuit. The length and the loss of the transmission line become minimum when antennas are on chip. However, silicon substrate is lossy and the cost for the antenna area on the IC is high. AiP technique is a reasonable solution. An antenna is formed in the substrate on which the IC is mounted. However, the losses of the transmission lines on the substrate exist. The matching design of the connection between the IC and the substrate is necessary such as wire bonding or bump connection of flip-chip IC mounting.
In the development of sub-terahertz antennas beyond 100GHz band, not only the antenna design techniques but also the material technologies for lens antennas and substrates, metal pattern manufacturing, IC chip mounting techniques are important.
Collaboration of these technologies in various areas are expected to apply the high-frequency techniques to the practical communication and sensing systems in this frequency band.

References
[1] D. Serghiou, M. Khalily, T. W. C. Brown and R. Tafazolli, "Terahertz Channel Propagation Phenomena, Measurement Techniques and Modeling for 6G Wireless Communication Applications: A Survey, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions," in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 1957-1996, Fourthquarter 2022.
[2] S. Acharya, S. S. Chouhan and J. Delsing, "An Additive Production approach for Microvias and Multilayered polymer substrate patterning of 2.5μm feature sizes," 2020 IEEE 70th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), Orlando, FL, USA, 2020, pp. 1304-1308.
[3] B. Sadhu, X. Gu and A. Valdes-Garcia, "The More (Antennas), the Merrier: A Survey of Silicon-Based mm-Wave Phased Arrays Using Multi-IC Scaling," in IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 32-50, Dec. 2019.
[4] T. Zwick, F. Boes, B. Göttel, A. Bhutani and M. Pauli, "Pea-Sized mmW Transceivers: QFN-?Based Packaging Concepts for Millimeter-Wave Transceivers," in IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 79-89, Sept.-Oct. 2017.

Sungchol Kim has been in charge of SW development at Hanwha Systems, mainly naval combat management system and radar control SW development since 2000.
In the field of RADAR, he has participated in development of various radars, including naval tracking radar, KM-SAM and KL-SAM multi-functional radar, and KF-21 AESA radar.
He has over 20 years of software development experience and experience as the software team manager.
Recently, the Advanced Research Center was established, and he serves as the director of the center to lead the future of Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance (ISR).
The Center for Advanced Research is researching and developing future advanced technologies such as sensor fusion using radar and optical equipment, photon/quantum radar, and artificial intelligence application using machine learning.
Sungchol Kim received his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering and M.S. in Mechanical Design from Konkuk University, Korea.

Multi-function radar (MFR) represents a highly advanced radar system that integrates various functions such as detection, tracking, engagement support, and missile guidance into a single unit. As a crucial sensor for surveillance and reconnaissance, MFR has evolved alongside advancements in antenna technology. Today, I will explore the trends in radar technology, emphasizing the development process in antenna technology.

The evolution of radar antennas has progressed from mechanically steered antennas (MSA) and passive electronically scanned array (PESA) antennas to active electronically scanned array (AESA) antennas. An AESA antenna integrates radiating elements, transmit/receive modules (TRM), and a beam steering controller. The beam steering is achieved by individually controlling the phase of electromagnetic waves transmitted and received by the TRMs located behind the radiating elements. This allows MFRs to achieve a high degree of freedom in beam operation and high reliability. Following the successful development of the K-SAM radar and M-SAM MFR using PESA antennas, Hanwha Systems has completed the development of ground-based, naval, and airborne radars using AESA technology. The performance and functionality of the newly developed MFRs have been verified through several years of testing and evaluation.

Several future technologies are essential for the continued advancement of AESA antenna units. Firstly, scalable antenna modules are required to quickly meet the diverse needs of future battlefields. Secondly, compact and lightweight technologies are necessary for mounting AESA antenna units on smaller aircraft, such as unmanned aerial vehicles and light combat aircraft. Lastly, software-defined solutions and AI technologies are critical to address the rapidly evolving challenges of the future. In this talk, I would like to introduce the future technologies that we are developing and emphasize Hanwha Systems' commitment to leading the way in radar technology innovation.

Wei Hong received the B.S. degree from the University of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou, China, in 1982, and the M.S. and PhD degrees from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 1985 and 1988, respectively, all in radio engineering.
He is currently a professor of the School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University. In 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998, he was a short-term visiting scholar with the University of California at Berkeley and at Santa Cruz, respectively. He has been engaged in numerical methods for electromagnetic problems, millimeter wave theory and technology, antennas, RF technology for wireless communications etc. He has authored and co-authored over 400 technical publications and two books. He twice awarded the National Natural Prizes of China, four times awarded the first-class Science and Technology Progress Prizes issued by the Ministry of Education of China and Jiangsu Province Government, and 2021 IEEE MTT-S Microwave Prize etc.
Dr. Hong is a Fellow of IEEE, Fellow of CIE, the vice presidents of the CIE Microwave Society and Antenna Society, and was an elected IEEE MTT-S AdCom Member during 2014-2016, served as the Associate Editor of the IEEE Trans. on MTT from 2007 to 2010.

In this talk, the research advances in asymmetric millimeter wave (mmWave) and THz full-digital massive MIMO arrays for B5G/6G in the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves (SKLMMW) of Southeast University and cooperative enterprises are reviewed, including the integrated circuits (chips) design, system development and field trial test.